--- title: Sonomechanics Blog | Emulsion-based Products (4) description: Emulsion-based Products | High-amplitude, Barbell Horn®-based ultrasonic processors, nano-formulations and more! (4) --- [![Sonomechanics logo](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Logo%20Sonomechanics%20White%20No%20Shadow%20R_Final%20(1).jpg?width=1994&height=332&name=Logo%20Sonomechanics%20White%20No%20Shadow%20R_Final%20(1).jpg "Sonomechanics logo")](http://sonomechanics.com/) - [Blog](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog) [![Contact Us](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/478120/409c7919-6ef2-4d41-a7a9-fbfb3b91b486.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/478120/409c7919-6ef2-4d41-a7a9-fbfb3b91b486) # Sonomechanics Blog [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Images_for_Blog_Posts/Cannabis_blogs/bioavalbility.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/the-role-of-carrier-oils-in-water-soluble-cbd-and-thc-formulations) ## [The Role of Carrier Oils in Water-Soluble CBD and THC Formulations](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/the-role-of-carrier-oils-in-water-soluble-cbd-and-thc-formulations) \[fa icon="calendar'\] Jan 28, 2017, 11:37:28 AM / by [Alexey Peshkovsky, Ph.D.](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/alexey-peshkovsky-ph-d) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products), [Medical Cannabis](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/medical-cannabis) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 51 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/the-role-of-carrier-oils-in-water-soluble-cbd-and-thc-formulations#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) This is a second article in the series on the principles of formulating water-compatible cannabis extracts and isolates, also known as water-soluble CBD and THC. The [**first article**](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cannabis-oil-microemulsion-liposomes-or-nanoemulsion) showed multiple advantages of *nanoemulsions* over the other two water-compatible formulation classes: *microemulsions* and *liposomes*. Here I will demonstrate the importance of using a carrier oil in your cannabis extract or isolate [**nanoemulsion**](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic-production-of-nano-cannabinoids). I will also explain how to select the proper carrier oil among the available choices. [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/the-role-of-carrier-oils-in-water-soluble-cbd-and-thc-formulations) [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Images_for_Blog_Posts/Cannabis_blogs/water-soluble-extract-white-emulsion-1.2-1.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cannabis-oil-microemulsion-liposomes-or-nanoemulsion) ## [Water-Soluble Cannabis Oils: Microemulsion, Liposomes or Nanoemulsion?](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cannabis-oil-microemulsion-liposomes-or-nanoemulsion) \[fa icon="calendar'\] Nov 24, 2016, 9:00:00 AM / by [Alexey Peshkovsky, Ph.D.](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/alexey-peshkovsky-ph-d) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products), [Medical Cannabis](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/medical-cannabis) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 94 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cannabis-oil-microemulsion-liposomes-or-nanoemulsion#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Industrial Sonomechanics is launching a series of blog posts dedicated to describing the main principles of developing water-compatible cannabis extract formulations, also known as water-soluble CBD and THC. As explained in our earlier**[blog post](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cbd)**, since medical marijuana extracts are oils and, as such, not soluble in water, they have to be specially formulated in order to become water-compatible and acquire the *appearance* of being water-soluble. There are three formulation classes that can provide this property: *microemulsions, liposomes* and *nanoemulsions*.   [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cannabis-oil-microemulsion-liposomes-or-nanoemulsion) [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Images_for_Blog_Posts/Candle%20blog/candles.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/improving-candle-production-by-nanoemulsifying-water-into-wax) ## [Improving Candle Production by Nano-Emulsifying Water into Wax](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/improving-candle-production-by-nanoemulsifying-water-into-wax) \[fa icon="calendar'\] Nov 7, 2016, 1:12:00 PM / by [Taieesa Peshkovsky](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/taieesa-peshkovsky) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 4 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/improving-candle-production-by-nanoemulsifying-water-into-wax#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) For centuries, candles have been utilized for light, decoration, religious ceremonies and much more.  The production of modern candles is a complex process, susceptible to several hurdles. Their main constituent, paraffin wax — which is desirable for its relatively low melting point of ~60°C \[1\] — experiences volatile changes in cost as it is a by-product of crude oil production \[2\].  Additionally, during cooling, different parts of the jar candle solidify at different rates due to low heat conduction throughout the wax. This leads to uneven settling (referred to as surface undulation), which forms a cavity in the center of the candle and requires a post-process void-filling operation (see Figure 1).  [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/improving-candle-production-by-nanoemulsifying-water-into-wax) [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Processes_and_tests/Cannabis/cbd-oil-tincture.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cbd) ## [Can CBD or THC be Made Water-Soluble?](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cbd) \[fa icon="calendar'\] Jul 3, 2016, 10:11:12 AM / by [Alexey Peshkovsky, Ph.D.](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/alexey-peshkovsky-ph-d) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products), [Medical Cannabis](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/medical-cannabis) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 91 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cbd#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Cannabinoids (CBD, THC, etc.) are hydrophobic (water-hating) oily substances and, as such, not water-**soluble**. They can, however, be formulated to be water-**compatible** and **appear** water-soluble. The term "water-soluble CBD" has lately been extensively used throughout the medical cannabis industry. "Water-soluble" means able to homogeneously incorporate into water by separating into molecules or ions (**dissolve** like sugar, alcohol or salt). Oily substances, however, are repelled by water, which forces them to stay separate from it. [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/water-soluble-cbd) [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Processes_and_tests/Cannabis/cannabis-1062904_640.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic-production-of-nano-cannabinoids) ## [Are Cannabinoids More Effective in Nano Form?](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic-production-of-nano-cannabinoids) \[fa icon="calendar'\] May 28, 2016, 5:27:08 PM / by [Alexey Peshkovsky, Ph.D.](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/alexey-peshkovsky-ph-d) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products), [Medical Cannabis](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/medical-cannabis) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 49 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic-production-of-nano-cannabinoids#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Medicinal uses of the cannabis plant (e.g., medical marijuana, hemp) have now been legalized in most US states. In addition to terpenoids and flavonoids, the plant may contain over 85 different types of therapeutically active compounds known as *cannabinoids*, the main two of which are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). In recent years, medications based on concentrated cannabis extracts have become popular because they allow many routes of administration that are preferable to smoking the plant itself. [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic-production-of-nano-cannabinoids) [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Images_for_Blog_Posts/Parenteral_Nutrition.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic_production_of_pharmaceutical_emulsions) ## [Ultrasonic Production of Pharmaceutical Emulsions](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic_production_of_pharmaceutical_emulsions) \[fa icon="calendar'\] Aug 24, 2015, 12:56:00 AM / by [Alexey Peshkovsky, Ph.D.](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/alexey-peshkovsky-ph-d) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 0 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic_production_of_pharmaceutical_emulsions#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Oil-in-water emulsions with nano-sized droplets (nanoemulsions) are widely used in the [pharmaceutical](https://www.sonomechanics.com/pharmaceutical-nutraceutical/) industry, for example, as an intravenous source of fatty acids when oral nutrition is disadvantageous or as bioactive compound carriers (e.g. drugs, vaccines). Pharmaceutical nanoemulsions can be administered by almost all available routes including parenteral, ocular, nasal, oral, topical, and even aerosolization to the lungs. There are currently over a dozen commercially available drugs encapsulated into nanoemulsions. Small oil droplet sizes and the **[associated](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/achieving-stability-of-oil-in-water-and-water-in-oil-emulsion-products)** stability of these products are critically important.  [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/ultrasonic_production_of_pharmaceutical_emulsions) [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Images_for_Blog_Posts/m_Truck.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/emulsion_fuels_produced_by_high-intensity_ultrasound) ## [Advantages of Ultrasound for Producing Emulsion Fuels](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/emulsion_fuels_produced_by_high-intensity_ultrasound) \[fa icon="calendar'\] Aug 1, 2015, 8:38:00 AM / by [Alexey Peshkovsky, Ph.D.](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/alexey-peshkovsky-ph-d) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 5 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/emulsion_fuels_produced_by_high-intensity_ultrasound#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Combustion equipment (e.g., diesel engines, power boilers) emits significant amounts of hazardous gasses, such as Nitrous Oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as particulate matter (PM) and black smoke. Due to the widespread use of this equipment, the resulting damage to human health and the environment is tremendous. Adding 5 – 25% of water to the base fuel, such as diesel or kerosene, in the form of a very fine emulsion (nanoemulsion) significantly reduces these harmful emissions. [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/emulsion_fuels_produced_by_high-intensity_ultrasound) [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Images_for_Blog_Posts/Nanoparticles_blue9.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/scaling-up-the-production-of-stable-nanoemulsion-based-products) ## [Scaling Up the Production of Stable Emulsion-Based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/scaling-up-the-production-of-stable-nanoemulsion-based-products) \[fa icon="calendar'\] May 28, 2015, 2:04:00 PM / by [Alexey Peshkovsky, Ph.D.](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/alexey-peshkovsky-ph-d) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products), [Process Scale-up](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/process-scale-up) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 0 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/scaling-up-the-production-of-stable-nanoemulsion-based-products#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Are you able to make stable emulsions in the lab, but have trouble replicating the same result in the production environment? Scaling up an emulsification process is frequently even more challenging than succeeding at its lab **[optimization](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/achieving-stability-of-oil-in-water-and-water-in-oil-emulsion-products)**. In most cases, the post-scale-up loss of product stability is caused by the inability of [industrial](https://www.sonomechanics.com/3600_w_industrial-scale_processor/) liquid processors to provide the same intensity of shear forces as was implemented during the research phase, which is why choosing the right production-scale equipment is fundamental. [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/scaling-up-the-production-of-stable-nanoemulsion-based-products) [![](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/hubfs/Nanoparticles_for_Blogpost.jpg)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/achieving-stability-of-oil-in-water-and-water-in-oil-emulsion-products) ## [Achieving Stability of Oil-in-Water and Water-in-Oil Emulsion Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/achieving-stability-of-oil-in-water-and-water-in-oil-emulsion-products) \[fa icon="calendar'\] May 9, 2015, 4:38:00 PM / by [Alexey Peshkovsky, Ph.D.](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/author/alexey-peshkovsky-ph-d) posted in [Emulsion-based Products](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products) [\[fa icon="comment"\] 15 Comments](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/achieving-stability-of-oil-in-water-and-water-in-oil-emulsion-products#comments-listing) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) Do you need to make a product that comprises a homogeneous mixture of oil and water? Is stability of this product a major concern? If so, you are not alone. One of the biggest challenges faced by product developers and process engineers in a wide variety of industries is achieving long-term  stability of products based on combinations of oil and water.   [Read More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/achieving-stability-of-oil-in-water-and-water-in-oil-emulsion-products) [\[fa icon="angle-double-left"\] Prev](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products/page/3) [All posts](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/all) ### Subscribe to Email Updates Search Blog Content - There are no suggestions because the search field is empty. - Recent - Popular - Categories ### Lists by Topic - [General Announcements (69)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/general-announcements) - [Medical Cannabis (51)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/medical-cannabis) - [Emulsion-based Products (39)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products) - [Ultrasonic Processing Systems (19)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/ultrasonic-processing-systems) - [Food & Beverage (15)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/food-beverage) - [Process Scale-up (10)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/process-scale-up) - [Extraction (7)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/extraction) - [Ultrasonic Degassing (7)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/ultrasonic-degassing) - [Theory of Ultrasonic Processing (6)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/theory-of-ultrasonic-processing) - [Wet Milling and Dispersing (4)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/wet-milling-and-dispersing) - [Deaeration (3)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/deaeration) - [Liquid Degassing (3)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/liquid-degassing) - [Cavitation (1)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/cavitation) - [Ultrasonic Transducer (1)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/ultrasonic-transducer) see all ### Posts by Topic - [General Announcements (69)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/general-announcements) - [Medical Cannabis (51)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/medical-cannabis) - [Emulsion-based Products (39)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/emulsion-based-products) - [Ultrasonic Processing Systems (19)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/ultrasonic-processing-systems) - [Food & Beverage (15)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/food-beverage) - [Process Scale-up (10)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/process-scale-up) - [Extraction (7)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/extraction) - [Ultrasonic Degassing (7)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/ultrasonic-degassing) - [Theory of Ultrasonic Processing (6)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/theory-of-ultrasonic-processing) - [Wet Milling and Dispersing (4)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/wet-milling-and-dispersing) - [Deaeration (3)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/deaeration) - [Liquid Degassing (3)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/liquid-degassing) - [Cavitation (1)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/cavitation) - [Ultrasonic Transducer (1)](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog/topic/ultrasonic-transducer) see all ### Recent Posts #### About Us Industrial Sonomechanics is a R&D, equipment design and process consulting firm, specializing in high-power ultrasonic technology for liquid treatment. Our mission is to help businesses implement their ultrasound-assisted processes on lab, pilot and industrial scales. [Learn More \[fa icon="long-arrow-right"\]](http://sonomechanics.com/about_ism/introduction_to_ism/) #### More Links - [\[fa icon="caret-right"\] Home](http://sonomechanics.com) - [\[fa icon="caret-right"\] Blog](https://blog.sonomechanics.com/blog) - [\[fa icon="caret-right"\] About Us](http://sonomechanics.com/about_ism/) - [\[fa icon="caret-right"\] Contact Us](https://info.sonomechanics.com/main-contact-us) #### Contact Us \[fa icon="phone"\]  786-233-9255 \[fa icon="envelope"\]  [contact@sonomechanics.com](mailto:yourname@company.com) \[fa icon="home"\]  7440 SW 50th Terrace #109, Miami FL 33155 Copyright 2026 | Designed with \[fa icon="heart"\] by [HubSpot](https://www.hubspot.com) \[fa icon="chevron-up"\]